What is random sampling designed to accomplish?

Random sampling is a method used in research to select a sample from a larger population in such a way that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen. The primary purpose of random sampling is to reduce selection bias, which occurs when certain individuals or groups are more likely to be included in the sample than others. By using random selection, researchers can ensure that the sample reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole. This helps to enhance the validity and generalizability of the research findings, making it more likely that the results can be applied to the entire population.

In contrast, non-representative samples could lead to skewed results that do not accurately reflect the broader group. Additionally, gathering opinions solely from experts or focusing on a specific demographic would not provide a comprehensive view of the population, potentially introducing additional biases not present in a random sampling approach. Therefore, the goal of reducing selection bias is key to achieving reliable and valid research outcomes.