Christine Grady suggested that ethical research must include which important element?

Christine Grady emphasizes that ethical research requires independent review of the research to ensure that the study is conducted responsibly and ethically. This independent review acts as a check against potential biases and conflicts of interest that researchers may have, ensuring that the rights and welfare of participants are protected. An independent review board, typically known as an Institutional Review Board (IRB), assesses research proposals to evaluate the ethical considerations involved.

This process ensures that potential risks to participants are minimized, that there is a valid scientific purpose for the research, and that the necessary safeguards are in place to protect the rights of participants. It promotes accountability and transparency in the research process, which is fundamental in maintaining public trust in scientific inquiry.

While methodologically rigorous design, informed consent, and considering the needs of vulnerable populations are also critical aspects of ethical research, the independent review is particularly important for establishing oversight and ensuring the integrity of the research process, ultimately safeguarding the interests of participants.